JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Previous Question Paper (May/June - 2019 - R15)
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B. Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
Part A
Define LC50 in toxicity measurement. Give its significance.
Answer
LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50%) is the concentration of a chemical in air or water that is expected to kill 50% of a test population within a specified exposure time. Its significance lies in providing a standardized metric for comparing the acute toxicity of different substances to aquatic or terrestrial organisms, aiding in regulatory risk assessment.
Write notes about drilling waste and associated waste in petroleum production.
Answer
Drilling waste primarily consists of drill cuttings (rock fragments) and spent drilling fluids. Associated wastes in petroleum production include produced water, which contains dissolved salts, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons, as well as sludge from storage tanks and workover fluids used during well maintenance, all of which require careful management to prevent soil and groundwater contamination.
What are production chemicals? Give examples and mention their health impacts.
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What are drilling fluids? Mention their functions and environmental hazards.
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Suggest the suitable treatment methods for removing suspended hydrocarbons and dissolved solids from wastewater.
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Summarize the objectives and steps of contingency plans.
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What are the situations favorable for issuing notice of accident?
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Write about the precautions against noxious and flammable gases.
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Mention the sources and health hazards of sour gases in oil exploration.
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Enumerate the factors affecting rate and control methods of corrosion.
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Part B
Describe the most effective ways to minimize environmental impact from drilling and production activities.
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Explain the importance of new attitude towards pollution control in petroleum engineering.
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What are Oil based drilling fluids? Mention their physical properties, chemical composition and advantages.
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Discuss the generation of air pollutants from fugitive emissions and site remediation emissions.
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Describe the effects of sodium chloride salt on plants and crops.
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Discuss the impact of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and nuclear radiation on human health.
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Describe the following four steps in risk assessment: hazard identification, dose response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization.
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Write about surface migration pathways for the transport of petroleum wastes.
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Enumerate the benefits of environmental audits and waste management plans.
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Discuss the importance of employee training for an effective environmental protection plan.
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Discuss the various mechanical methods available to dewater solids.
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Explain the subsurface disposal method for the disposal of petroleum industry wastes.
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Discuss the procedure followed for: temporary closure of producing well and Plugging requirements of abandoned wells.
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Explain the duties and responsibilities of installation manager and safety officer employed in mines according to Oil mines regulations (1984).
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Describe the procedure to be followed for the approval of route and design of pipeline to transport petroleum.
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Explain the precaution steps against fire and during welding operation in petroleum industry.
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Explain the hydraulic fracturing technique to increase permeability around wellbore.
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Describe the impacts of petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures on human health.
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Describe the safety guidelines followed in oil and gas industry during drilling and production operations.
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What is sand control operation? Explain the ill effects of sand production and sand flow in drilling operations.
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