JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD MCA I COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2021 - R13)

A data type is a classification that specifies the type of value a variable can hold and the operations that can be performed on that data. It determines how much memory is allocated for the variable and how the bits are interpreted.

The common data types in C and their typical sizes on a 32-bit system are:

• char: 1 byte, used for single characters.
• int: 2 or 4 bytes, used for integer values.
• float: 4 bytes, used for single-precision floating-point numbers.
• double: 8 bytes, used for double-precision floating-point numbers.
• void: 0 bytes, represents the absence of a value.

Modifiers like short, long, signed, and unsigned can be applied to these types to alter their range and storage requirements.

C operators are symbols used to perform operations on variables and values:

1. Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, %): Used for math, e.g.,
   a + b
   .
2. Relational Operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=): Used for comparisons, e.g.,
   a > b
   .
3. Logical Operators (&&, ||, !): Used for boolean logic, e.g.,
   (a && b)
   .
4. Bitwise Operators (&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>): Operate on bits, e.g.,
   a & b
   .
5. Assignment Operators (=, +=, -=, etc.): Assign values, e.g.,
   a += 5
   .
6. Increment/Decrement Operators (++ , --): Change values by one, e.g.,
   a++
   .
7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator (?:): A shorthand for if-else, e.g.,
   condition ? x : y
   .
8. Special Operators (sizeof, &, *, ->): Used for memory and pointer operations, e.g.,
   sizeof(int)
   .