JNTU
JNTU B.Pharmacy I Year PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Previous Question Paper (March - 2024 - R17)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B. ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions. iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
PART - A
Define homeostasis and explain its significance in maintaining cellular balance.
Answer
Homeostasis is the physiological process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes. Its significance lies in ensuring optimal conditions for cellular function, enzyme activity, and metabolic processes, preventing cell injury or death.
Explain the morphological features associated with each of these adaptive changes.
Answer
- Atrophy: Reduction in cell size and organ volume due to loss of cell substance.
- Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size leading to an increase in organ size, often due to increased functional demand.
- Hyperplasia: Increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, resulting in increased organ mass.
- Metaplasia: Reversible replacement of one adult cell type by another, better suited to withstand adverse environments.
Define atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.
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Differentiate between angina, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease.
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Discuss the role of antiepileptic drugs in the management of epilepsy.
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Define stroke and differentiate between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
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Discuss the role of uric acid in the development of Gout and its manifestations.
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Describe the treatment options for Rheumatoid Arthritis and their mechanisms of action.
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Define the term "sexually transmitted diseases". Give examples.
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Describe the causative agent of AIDS and explain how the human immunodeficiency virus is transmitted.
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PART - B
Explore the role of acidosis and alkalosis in cellular injury and its impact on homeostasis.
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What are the implications of electrolyte imbalance for overall cell function?
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Describe the adaptive changes that cells undergo in response to injury, including atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia.
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Define hypertension and list the common risk factors associated with its development.
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How does hypertension contribute to cardiovascular complications?
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Discuss the interplay and potential relationships between hypertension, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart diseases.
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How might the presence of one condition influence the development or progression of another?
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Explain the role of the thyroid gland in the endocrine system.
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Discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
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Discuss the endocrine disorders related to sex hormones, including conditions such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and hypogonadism.
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Explain their impact on reproductive health.
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Define Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and distinguish between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Discuss the common symptoms and complications associated with IBD and Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Examine the impact of alcohol on liver health, focusing on the development of alcoholic liver disease.
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Discuss the stages of alcoholic liver disease and the associated risk factors.
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Define meningitis and briefly explain its main causes.
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Compare and contrast viral and bacterial meningitis, focusing on their symptoms, transmission, and treatment.
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Define urinary tract infections and identify common pathogens responsible for UTIs.
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Explore the risk factors associated with the development of UTIs in different age groups.
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