JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS Previous Question Paper (August/September - 2022 - R18)
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Main
Draw the block diagram showing the basic functional elements of an instrument and explain the functions of each.
Answer
A generalized measurement system consists of three main functional stages: the primary sensing element, the variable conversion element, and the data presentation element. The primary sensing element receives energy from the measured medium and produces an output that is a function of the measurand. The variable conversion element converts the output of the sensor into a more suitable variable, such as changing a mechanical displacement into an electrical voltage. The variable manipulation element (often included) performs signal conditioning like amplification or filtering. Finally, the data presentation element provides the information to the observer, typically through a display, recorder, or data storage device.
Define limiting errors and derive the expression to find the limiting errors.
Answer
Limiting errors, also known as guarantee errors, are the maximum deviations from the nominal or specified value of a component or instrument, usually expressed as a percentage of the full-scale reading. Manufacturers specify these limits to guarantee the accuracy of their products.
To derive the expression, let As be the specified value and δA be the absolute error. The relative limiting error εr is defined as the ratio of the absolute error to the specified value:
If the error is expressed as a percentage er, the expression becomes:
Thus, the actual value Aa of a component lies within the range:
Give the methods of using any THREE standard inputs being used for analyzing the dynamic response of the system with neat sketches.
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What is meant by voltmeter sensitivity? Explain its relevance in circuit applications.
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Explain in detail about the calibration techniques and also draw the calibration curve in general.
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Explain basic potentiometer principle and also explain the calibration of ammeter, voltmeter using potentiometer.
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Describe how a high voltage is measured using electrostatic voltmeter.
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A dc meter having a coil of resistance 3 Ω gives full scale deflection when a current of 60 milliampere is passed through it. Show that it can be adopted to do work: i) As an ammeter with a range of 0-6A, ii) As a voltmeter with arrange of 0-600V.
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Distinguish the frequency, time and average time period.
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Define wave analyzer and explain the different types in it.
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What are the different errors associated with the counter.
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Explain about the different modes of operation of counters.
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Derive the equations for balance in the case of Maxwell’s inductance –capacitance bridge.
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The arm of a four-arm bridge ABCD supplied with sinusoidal voltage have the following values Arm AB: a resistance of 250 Ω in parallel with a capacitance 2 μF Arm BC: 425 Ω Arm CD: 999 Ω Arm DA: a resistance R2 in series with a 2.5 μF capacitance. Find the value of R2 and find the frequency at which the bridge will balance.
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Draw a neat block diagram of a cathode ray oscilloscope, specify the function of each block and explain its working principle.
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What is the purpose of sweeper in oscilloscope and list the main parts in CRT.
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