JNTU B.Tech III BIOMETRICS Previous Question Paper (February - 2022 - R18)

The architecture of a biometric system consists of four primary modules: the sensor module, the feature extraction module, the matching module, and the database module. The Sensor Module captures the raw biometric data (e.g., fingerprint, iris image) from the user. The Feature Extraction Module processes this raw data to remove noise and extract unique characteristics, converting them into a digital template. The Matching Module compares the newly generated template against stored templates retrieved from the Database Module. Finally, a decision module determines whether the match score exceeds a predefined threshold to grant or deny access.

Architecture Flow: Input (Biometric Trait) -> Sensor -> Pre-processing/Feature Extraction -> Template -> Matching (vs. Database) -> Decision (Accept/Reject).

Biometric authentication offers several advantages over traditional methods like passwords or tokens:

• Non-repudiation: Users cannot deny having performed an action because the biometric trait is inherently linked to their physical identity.
• Convenience: Eliminates the need to remember complex passwords or carry physical keys and ID cards, which can be forgotten or lost.
• Security: Biometric traits are difficult to forge, steal, or share, significantly reducing the risk of unauthorized access compared to password-based systems that are susceptible to phishing or brute-force attacks.
• Efficiency: Provides faster authentication processes, reducing administrative overhead associated with password resets and credential management.