JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV WIRELESS NETWORKS AND MOBILE COMPUTING Previous Question Paper (March - 2021 - R15)

Mobile computing applications enable users to access data and services from anywhere at any time. Key applications include:

• Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce): Facilitates secure financial transactions, mobile banking, and shopping directly from mobile devices.
• Location-Based Services: Uses GPS or network positioning to provide navigation, weather updates, and proximity-based advertising.
• Mobile Office and Enterprise Applications: Allows employees to access corporate email, shared databases, and project management tools remotely.
• Emergency Services: Enables rapid communication and tracking during disasters or medical emergencies.
• Entertainment and Social Media: Supports mobile gaming, video streaming, and real-time social networking.
• Healthcare (M-Health): Provides remote patient monitoring and tele-consultation services.
• Education: Supports mobile learning platforms and access to digital libraries.

The Bluetooth architecture is designed for short-range wireless communication, organized into a layered protocol stack. The primary components are:

• Radio Layer: Operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band using frequency-hopping spread spectrum to mitigate interference.
• Baseband Layer: Handles the physical link establishment, frequency hopping sequences, and packet formatting. It manages the formation of piconets (one master and up to seven active slaves).
• Link Manager Protocol (LMP): Responsible for link setup, authentication, and configuration of power modes between devices.
• Host Controller Interface (HCI): Provides a standardized interface between the lower-level hardware (Bluetooth module) and the upper-level software (Host).
• Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP): Segments and reassembles data packets, providing multiplexing and quality of service capabilities to higher layers.
• Service Discovery Protocol (SDP): Allows devices to discover available services and features on other connected Bluetooth devices.
• Profiles: Application-specific protocols (e.g., A2DP for audio, HID for human interface devices) that sit atop the stack to ensure interoperability between different manufacturers.