JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS Previous Question Paper (February - 2024 - R16)

What are the factors that cause irreversibility?

How does the temperature of a system affect its thermodynamic equilibrium?

What is the difference between the work transfer and heat transfer?

State Kirchhoff's law about the first law of thermodynamics.

State the significance of the third law of thermodynamics.

Define heat capacity. What is the principle of increase of entropy?

Mention the standard-state conditions for the reaction of free energy.

Define exergonic process.

What is the primary focus of the kinetics of chemical processes, and why is it important in the study of chemical reactions?

What experimental methods are commonly used for the determination of the order of a reaction?

Explain the following thermodynamic concepts: i) System, ii) State, iii) Variables.

Explain about extensive properties of a thermodynamic system.

Explain about intensive properties of a thermodynamic system.

Explain various thermodynamic variables and their impacts on thermodynamic systems.

Explain the significance of the first law of thermodynamics with suitable examples.

Air occupies a space of 0.3 m³ at a pressure of 2 bar and a temperature of 77 °C. It is heated at constant volume until the pressure is 7 bar. Estimate final temperature and change in internal energy.

Discuss the limitations of the first law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy.

Define enthalpy and show that the enthalpy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature.

Determine the rate of entropy production in the universe when the rate of heat transfer between a heat reservoir at 1650°C and another reservoir at 538°C is 2.15 × 10⁹ kJ/hr.

A reversible engine is supplied with heat from two constant temperature sources at 900 K and 600 K and rejects heat to a constant temperature sink at 300 K. The engine develops work equivalent to 90 kJ/s and rejects heat at the rate of 56 kJ/s. Estimate the thermal efficiency of the reversible engine.

Explain the methods of determining the change in entropy of a reaction.

Explain the terms reversibility and irreversibility. What are the requirements for making a process reversible?

How does free energy change predict the feasibility of the reaction?

Derive Gibbs-Helmholtz equation for free energy.

How does the equilibrium constant vary with temperature?

How are fugacity and activity related to the standard equilibrium constant?

Explain zero-order reactions, highlighting their significance in chemical kinetics.

The radioactive decay of Uranium 238 is first-order and half-life is 4.51 × 10⁹ years. Calculate the specific reaction rate. In how many days will 75% of a given amount of Uranium disappear?

How does catalysis play a crucial role in chemical reactions, and what are the mechanisms by which catalysts enhance reaction rates?

Provide specific examples of consecutive and simultaneous reactions, and discuss how these complex reaction pathways contribute to the overall kinetics of chemical processes.