JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II Year MINE SURVEYING Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2021 - R16)
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Describe the parts of Prismatic compass with neat sketch.
Answer
A Prismatic Compass is a portable surveying instrument used for measuring magnetic bearings of lines. Its primary components include:
- Magnetic Needle: A broad needle that remains in the magnetic meridian.
- Graduated Ring: An aluminum ring attached to the needle, marked with degrees (0° to 360°) in a clockwise direction, with 0° at South and 180° at North.
- Prism: Located at the eye vane, it allows the observer to read the graduation on the ring while sighting the object.
- Object Vane: Contains a horsehair or fine wire for sighting the object.
- Eye Vane: A metal slit through which the observer views the object and the prism.
- Brake Pin: Used to dampen the oscillation of the needle.
- Glass Cover: Protects the needle and ring from dust and wind.
Sketch description: The instrument is depicted as a circular metal box with the object vane and eye vane (containing the prism) mounted on opposite sides. The needle and graduated ring are suspended on a central pivot, with the prism reflecting the ring's reading to the observer's eye.
Define Remote Sensing and explain the general principle.
Answer
Remote Sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in physical contact with the object under investigation.
The general principle of remote sensing relies on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and the Earth's surface features. The process follows these stages:
- Energy Source: The Sun acts as the primary source of electromagnetic energy (passive sensing) or an artificial source like radar (active sensing).
- Transmission: Energy travels through the atmosphere, where it is subject to scattering and absorption.
- Interaction with Target: The energy interacts with the surface features (soil, water, vegetation), resulting in reflection, absorption, or transmission.
- Sensor Recording: A sensor mounted on a platform (satellite or aircraft) records the reflected or emitted energy.
- Data Processing: The recorded data is transmitted to ground stations, converted into digital images, and processed for interpretation and analysis.
The following are the observed fore and back bearings of lines of a closed traverse. Calculate the included angles, correct them necessary for local attraction.
| Line | F.B | B.B |
|---|---|---|
| AB | 292° 15' | 111° 45' |
| BC | 221° 45' | 41° 45' |
| CD | 90° 05' | 270° 00' |
| DE | 80° 35' | 261° 40' |
| EA | 37° 00' | 216° 30' |
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Explain about the temporary adjustments of a leveling?
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Name the methods of establishing contouring and explain the procedure of any one method.
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Describe the permanent adjustments of theodolite and explain how each of the adjustments is affected.
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State the Bowditch rule and transit rules of balancing.
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In order to obtain area of a plot, a series of perpendicular offsets 2.2m, 3.0m, 1.65m, 2.46m, 2.0m, 2.25m and 1.68m were laid from a survey line to an irregular boundary at regular intervals of 5m. Find the desired area using, Trapezoidal rule.
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What are the different purposes of open-pit mine surveying? Explain briefly the procedure for surveying an open-pit mine.
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List different types of curves and show them with the help of figures.
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