JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS Previous Question Paper (May/June - 2019 - R16)
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks.
Part A
A cylinder contains 25 gms of liquid chlorine. What volume in cubic meter will the chlorine occupy if it is released and brought to standard conditions?
Answer
The molecular weight of chlorine (Cl2) is 71 g/mol. The number of moles is 25 g / 71 g/mol = 0.3521 mol. At standard conditions (STP: 0°C, 1 atm), 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 0.022414 m3. Thus, the volume = 0.3521 mol × 0.022414 m3/mol = 0.00789 m3.
Explain the calculation of specific gravities of liquids using Baume gravity scale.
Answer
Baume scales are empirical scales used to measure liquid density. For liquids lighter than water, the specific gravity (SG) is calculated as: SG = 140 / (130 + °Be). For liquids heavier than water, the formula is: SG = 145 / (145 - °Be). These scales provide a convenient way to express the concentration or density of industrial solutions.
Define absolute humidity and molar humidity.
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Describe the thermodynamic relationship between vapor pressure and temperature using Clapeyron equation.
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What is purge stream and bypass stream?
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A 10 liter tank contains 2 percent salt. How much dry salt must be added to bring the salt concentration to 3.5 percent by weight? Assume that the tank contains ‘V’ liters of salt solution initially and mixing is done in batch mode.
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Write the general energy balance equation for a non flow process and explain the various energy terms involved in the equation.
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Calculate the heat of reaction (ΔH) of the following reaction:
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Define calorific value of fuels. What is its unit?
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Write short notes about the direct measurement of the weight of gaseous products from a combustion process.
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Part B
Calculate the weight of iron and of steam required to produce 100 gm of hydrogen, and the weight of the Fe3O4 formed. What volume will the hydrogen occupy at standard conditions? Reaction equation is
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What is the weight of one liter of ethane under standard conditions?
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Show that that the average kinetic energy of translation of a molecule in the gaseous state is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
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Define specific gravity and density of a gas.
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Discuss the estimation of critical properties of a substance using: Guldberg rule and Watson method.
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Carbon tetrachloride has a normal boiling point of 77°C and a liquid density at its boiling point of 1.48 gm per cc. Calculate the critical temperature. Molecular weight of CCl4 is 154 gm/mol. The temperature (°K) at which the substance is in equilibrium with its saturated vapor in a concentration of 1.0 gram-mole in 22.4 liters is 360 °K.
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Explain the uses of humidity chart in calculating the properties of air-water vapor mixture.
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In a vessel at 200 kN/m² and 310 K, % relative humidity of water vapor in air is 25. The partial pressure of water vapor when air is saturated with vapor at 310 K is 6.3 kN/m². Calculate: humidity of air and percentage humidity.
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4000 kg of KCl are present in a saturated solution at a temperature of 80°C. The solution is cooled to 20°C in an open tank. The solubilities of KCl at 80°C and 20°C are 55 and 35 parts per 100 parts of water respectively. Calculate: (a) assuming water equal to 3% by weight of solution is lost by evaporation, weight of crystals obtained. (b) the yield of crystals neglecting loss by evaporation. KCl crystallizes without any water of crystallization. Molecular weight of KCl = 39.
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Explain the following terms in process calculations: yield, conversion, limiting reactant, excess reactant and tie substance.
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Describe the calculation of heat capacity for an (i) ideal mono-atomic gas and (ii) liquid solutions.
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Write the applications of Kistyakowsky equation.
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Discuss the calculation of enthalpy change in a chemical reaction using Hess’s law.
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Calculate a value for the enthalpy of vaporization of liquid water at 298.15 K. Use Kirchhoff’s law to estimate the enthalpy of vaporization of liquid water at the normal boiling point of 373.15 K. Data’s are CP,water vapor=33.58 J/K.mol and CP, liquid water = 75.29 J/K.mol. ΔHvap(298.15K) = 44 KJ/mol.
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A producer gas with the composition by volume, 27.3% CO, 5.4% CO2, 0.6% O2 and 66.7% N2 is burnt with 20% excess air. If the combustion is 98% complete, calculate the composition by volume of the flue gases.
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Explain the calculation of hot thermal efficiency and cold thermal efficiency for combustion process.
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Write short notes about energy balance equations and material balance equations for incomplete combustion process.
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