Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech II SURVEYING AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Previous Question Paper (August/September - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Explain the following terms with reference to a compass survey:
Magnetic meridian and True meridian
Answer
The True Meridian is the line passing through a point on the earth's surface and the geographic North and South Poles. It is a fixed reference line that does not change over time. The Magnetic Meridian is the direction indicated by a freely suspended, balanced magnetic needle unaffected by local attraction. Unlike the true meridian, the magnetic meridian changes position over time due to the earth's shifting magnetic field and is influenced by local magnetic disturbances.
Whole-circle bearing and Reduced bearing.
Answer
The Whole-Circle Bearing (WCB) is the horizontal angle measured clockwise from the magnetic north towards the line, ranging from 0° to 360°. It is always measured in a clockwise direction. The Reduced Bearing (RB), also known as Quadrantal Bearing, is measured clockwise or counter-clockwise from the nearest north or south meridian. It ranges from 0° to 90° and is always accompanied by the quadrant designation (e.g., N 30° E or S 45° W).
Secular variation and Irregular variation.
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Explain about the measurement of horizontal angle by reiteration method.
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Explain about the measurement of vertical angles with a neat sketch.
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Explain the different methods of levelling with suitable sketches.
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What are the different methods of contouring? Describe any two methods along with neat sketch.
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Distinguish between the following: i) Line of collimation and line of sight, ii) Back sight and fore sight, iii) Profile levelling and Fly levelling
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How is a contour map used to find the capacity of a reservoir? Explain in detail.
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What is the basic principle used in total station and also explain the functions of total station.
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Explain the Civil Engineering applications of GPS.
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What are soundings? Discuss various methods of locating soundings.
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List out the types of shore line surveys and explain any one in detail.
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Write short notes on:
Measurement of water depth by Surface positioning techniques.
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Measurement of water depth by Visual positioning techniques.
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Explain about Centre of gravity, center of buoyancy, displacement, and law of floatation.
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Discuss the methods of construction of offshore concrete structures.
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