JNTU
JNTU B.Tech II CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS Previous Question Paper (May - 2019 - R13)
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B. Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
Part A
What is Rheology? Explain.
Answer
Rheology is the study of the flow and deformation of matter under the influence of applied stress. It focuses on the relationship between stress, strain, and time, specifically for materials that exhibit both solid-like and liquid-like characteristics, such as non-Newtonian fluids.
Explain continuity equation.
Answer
The continuity equation is based on the principle of conservation of mass. For a steady, incompressible flow through a pipe with varying cross-sectional areas, it states that the mass flow rate remains constant at every section:
where A is the cross-sectional area and v is the average fluid velocity.
Define skin friction.
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Define Equivalent Diameter? Find Equivalent Diameter for an annulus with inner and outer pipe diameters R1 and R2 respectively.
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Define acoustic velocity and derive an expression to calculate it for ideal gases.
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Write in detail about adiabatic frictional flow.
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Write briefly about the forces acting on the particle settling through the fluid.
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Write briefly types of fluidization.
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Write in about Check valves.
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Explain uses of orifice meter.
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Part B
A large storage tank of 3.5m tall consists of oil of density 900kg/m3 with water at the bottom of tank. The tank is vented to the atmosphere of 1atm at the top. The pressure at the bottom of tank is 1.35x105 Pa. Find the depth of the oil.
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Distinguish between laminar flow and turbulent flow. Discuss Reynolds experiment.
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State and explain Bernoulli’s theorem for mechanical energy balance in a fluid flow and indicate its applications.
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With the help of a plot between shear rate and shear stress show different types of fluids and explain their behavior.
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Explain in detail about various methods of dimensional analysis.
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For a flow of viscous fluid trough a circular pipe, show that the ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity is 2.0.
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Define Kinetic energy correction factor and by solving the equation find its value in laminar flow?
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What pressure drop per unit length is required in order to pump water at 250C through a pipe of 5 cm in diameter at a rate of 68 cm3/s? Viscosity of water at 250C is 1 cp.
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What is Mach number? What are the basic differences in the adiabatic frictional flow and isothermal frictional flow?
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Derive an equation to estimate velocity of gas in adiabatic frictionless flow?
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Derive a relation for pressure variations with mass flux for isothermal compressible flow in a constant cross section conduit.
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By clearly specifying the assumptions, derive Kozney-Karman equation for a packed bed.
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Derive terminal settling velocity for a spherical particle travelling through the liquid under Stoke’s and Newtonian domain.
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A catalyst having spherical particles of 100 microns and density 1500 kg/m3 is to be used to contact hydrocarbon vapour in a fluidized bed reactor at 4800C and 1 atm. At operating conditions, the fluid viscosity is 2x10-5 kg/m.s. and its density is 3.36 kg/m3. Determine the minimum fluidization velocity necessary to fluidize the bed. The initial porosity of the bed is 0.42.
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An orifice meter is to be used to measure the flow rate of crude to a cracking unit. The pipe diameter is 100 mm. Maximum flow rate is 80 m3/hr. The specific gravity is 0.8784 and viscosity is 5.45 cp. Mercury (specific gravity is 13.6) is the manometer fluid and glycol (specific gravity is 1.11) is to be used in the leads as sealing fluid. If the maximum reading of the meter is 762 mm, estimate the orifice meter diameter.
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State the merits and demerits of positive displacement pumps over centrifugal pumps.
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Describe the principle of Centrifugal pump and explain its characteristics with the help of characteristic curves.
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A Pitot tube having a coefficient of 0.98 is inserted in the central line of a long smooth pipe of 250 mm diameter in which crude oil of density 900 kg/m3 and viscosity 10 cp flows. If the manometer reading is 12 cm of water, calculate the maximum velocity of oil.
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