JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD MCA V Semester MULTIMEDIA AND RICH INTERNET APPLICATIONS Previous Question Paper (February - 2022 - R15)

Graphics and image data types represent the way visual information is stored and processed digitally. They are primarily categorized into two types:

Raster Graphics (Bitmap): These images are composed of a fixed grid of individual pixels, each assigned a specific color value. They are resolution-dependent, meaning they lose quality when scaled up. Common examples include photographs and complex digital paintings. They are typically stored in formats like JPEG, PNG, or BMP.

Vector Graphics: These images are defined by mathematical equations representing geometric primitives such as points, lines, curves, and polygons. Because they are based on coordinates and paths rather than pixels, they are resolution-independent and can be scaled infinitely without loss of quality. They are ideal for logos, typography, and technical illustrations, stored in formats like SVG, AI, or EPS.

Popular file formats are designed to balance image quality, compression efficiency, and compatibility. Key formats include:

• JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): A lossy compression format widely used for web images and digital photography. It supports millions of colors but is unsuitable for images with sharp edges or text due to compression artifacts.
• PNG (Portable Network Graphics): A lossless compression format that supports transparency (alpha channels). It is the standard for web graphics requiring high quality and transparent backgrounds.
• GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): Uses lossless compression but is limited to an 8-bit palette (256 colors). It is primarily used for simple animations and web icons.
• TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): A high-quality, lossless format often used in professional printing and archival storage. It supports multiple layers and high color depths.
• SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics): An XML-based vector format that is standard for web-based illustrations. It is lightweight, scalable, and supports interactivity and animation through CSS and JavaScript.
• BMP (Bitmap): An uncompressed format that stores color data for each pixel. While it offers high quality, it results in very large file sizes, making it inefficient for web use.