JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B. Pharmacy II Year PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS - I Previous Question Paper (March-2022 - R17)
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Main
State Daltons law and write its applications?
Answer
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases present in the mixture at a constant temperature and volume. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
Applications include determining the partial pressure of gases in respiratory physiology, calculating the pressure of gases collected over water, and in the formulation and stability testing of aerosol products to ensure propellant pressure remains within safe limits.
What do you understand by Joule-Thomson effect and inversion temperature?
Answer
The Joule-Thomson effect describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while kept insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment (an adiabatic process). When a real gas expands through a throttle, it typically experiences a temperature drop because work is done to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction.
The Inversion Temperature is the specific temperature at which the Joule-Thomson coefficient changes sign. Below this temperature, the gas cools upon expansion; above this temperature, the gas warms upon expansion. If a gas is expanded at its inversion temperature, there is no change in temperature. This concept is fundamental in the liquefaction of gases, such as the Linde process, where gases are cooled through repeated expansion until they reach their boiling point.
Write about polymorphism along with its various applications.
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Discuss the various methods of achieving liquefaction.
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Discuss the phase diagram for one component systems.
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Write a note on Dielectric constant.
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Discuss about the various factors influencing the solubility of drugs.
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How the solubility of drug is affected by pH and solvents?
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Discuss in detail about the distribution of solute between immiscible solvents.
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Write a note nonideal solutions and how they differ from real solutions.
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Write the relationship between molecular surface area and solubility of drug.
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Write a note on Extended Hildebrand solubility approach.
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Define surface area, equivalent spherical diameter and polydispersity and its importance with reference to particle size.
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Discuss the principle, working of Fisher sub sieve method for determination of surface area.
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Discuss one method for determination of particle size based on the particle volume measurement with the help of a diagram.
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Write a note on porosity and write its importance in handling powders.
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Write the classification of complexes. Discuss in detail about the inclusion complexes.
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Define protein binding and discuss one method for determining the amount of drug bound to proteins.
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What is common ion effect.
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Write the buffer equation for a weak acid and its salt.
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Discuss in detail about the class II methods used for adjusting tonicity and pH?
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