JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B. Pharmacy II PHARMACOLOGY-I Previous Question Paper (September - 2024 - R17)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B. ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions. iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
Define the term tachyphylaxis.
Answer
Tachyphylaxis is a phenomenon characterized by a rapid, acute decrease in the response to a drug after repeated administration over a very short period, often within minutes.
Illustrate sources of drug.
Answer
Drugs are derived from several primary sources:
- Natural sources: Plants (e.g., morphine), animals (e.g., insulin), and minerals (e.g., iron).
- Microorganisms: Fungi and bacteria (e.g., penicillin).
- Synthetic sources: Chemically synthesized compounds in laboratories (e.g., aspirin).
- Semi-synthetic sources: Natural substances chemically modified to improve efficacy or reduce toxicity (e.g., ampicillin).
- Recombinant DNA technology: Genetically engineered products (e.g., human growth hormone).
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?
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Explain the concept of drug interactions.
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Identify the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction.
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Evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of GABA and glutamate.
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Name a drug commonly used as a pre-anesthetic.
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What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
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Assess the risks and benefits of using stimulants to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
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Part B
Evaluate the role of pharmacokinetics in drug development and clinical use.
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Analyze the factors influencing the distribution of a lipophilic drug in the body and how this distribution could vary between individuals with different physiological conditions.
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Distinguish the factors that contribute to drug addiction and discuss the potential neural pathways involved.
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Determine the concept of essential drugs and discuss the factors that should be considered when determining which drugs to include in an essential drug list.
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Evaluate the concept of adverse drug reactions. Discuss the common types of adverse drug reactions and propose strategies for prevention and management.
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Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channel receptors, and enzyme-linked receptors. Provide examples of drugs that target each receptor type.
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Evaluate the significance of the therapeutic index in determining the safety and efficacy of a drug. How does a narrow versus wide therapeutic index influence clinical decision-making?
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Apply the concept of the dose-response relationship to explain how drug dosage adjustments might be made in patients with varying sensitivities. Provide a clinical example.
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Compare and contrast the actions of parasympathomimetics and parasympatholytics, providing specific examples of each.
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Analyze the factors that contribute to the selectivity of neuromuscular blocking agents for skeletal muscle over other tissues.
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Critically assess the use of local anesthetic agents in clinical practice. Discuss the potential benefits, risks, and limitations of these agents.
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Evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Discuss the potential side effects and considerations for patient management.
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How does glutamate influence neurotoxicity in the central nervous system?
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Create a therapeutic plan for treating alcohol dependence with disulfiram.
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Analyze the mechanism of action of general anesthetics.
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Analyze the factors that contribute to the development of drug resistance in epilepsy.
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Apply the mechanism of antipsychotics in treating schizophrenia symptoms.
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How does opioid tolerance develop with prolonged opioid use?
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Evaluate the efficacy of antidepressants in treating major depression.
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Design a treatment plan for a patient with bipolar disorder.
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