JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech III Year COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING SYSTEMS Previous Question Paper (October - 2020 - R13)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Explain about STACK organization in memory.
Answer
A stack is a storage structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle, where the item stored most recently is the first to be retrieved. In computer organization, it is typically implemented using a portion of memory and a processor register known as the Stack Pointer (SP).
The Stack Pointer holds the address of the top element of the stack. Operations are performed as follows:
- Push operation: The SP is incremented (or decremented, depending on architecture), and the new data is written to the address pointed to by the SP.
- Pop operation: The data at the address pointed to by the SP is read, and the SP is then decremented (or incremented) to point to the next element.
Stacks are essential for managing subroutine calls, interrupt handling, and evaluating arithmetic expressions in reverse Polish notation.
Differentiate between fixed point and floating point data representation.
Answer
| Feature | Fixed Point | Floating Point |
|---|---|---|
| Representation | Fixed position for the radix point. | Radix point position varies (mantissa and exponent). |
| Range | Limited range; suitable for integers. | Very large range; suitable for scientific calculations. |
| Precision | Constant precision. | Variable precision based on the mantissa size. |
| Hardware | Simpler and faster arithmetic logic. | Complex hardware required for normalization and alignment. |
| Format | Usually represented as sign-magnitude, 1's complement, or 2's complement. | Typically follows IEEE 754 standard (Sign, Exponent, Mantissa). |
Fixed point representation treats numbers as integers by assuming a fixed location for the binary point, making it efficient for simple arithmetic but restrictive for very large or very small values. Floating point representation uses scientific notation, dividing the number into a mantissa (fraction) and an exponent, which allows for a significantly wider dynamic range at the cost of increased hardware complexity and potential rounding errors.
Explain the Organization of Hardwired control in detail.
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Explain the following: i) PROM ii) EPROM
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Explain Strobe Control method of Asynchronous data transfer technique.
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Explain the operation of input output processor (IOP) with an example.
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Compare the main memory organization schemes of contiguous-memory allocation, segmentation, and paging with respect to the following issues: a) External fragmentation b) Internal fragmentation c) Ability to share code across processes.
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Explain different implementation methods for free space management.
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Explain General Graph directory Structure in detail.
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Explain different Phases of Instruction Cycle with examples.
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List and explain different Data Transfer instructions.
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Discuss different RAID levels in detail with diagrams.
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Discuss DMA transfer technique in detail with block diagram.
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