JNTU
JNTU B.Tech II Year ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS Previous Question Paper (March - 2021 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Discuss the procedure for length and volume measurements with suitable example.
Answer
- Length Measurement: The procedure involves comparing an unknown length against a standard reference. For precision, Line Standards (e.g., standard meter bar) or End Standards (e.g., slip gauges) are used. The measurement process typically includes:
- Cleaning the surfaces to remove contaminants.
- Ensuring thermal equilibrium to prevent expansion errors.
- Using a comparator or micrometer to bridge the gap between the reference and the object.
- Volume Measurement: This is derived from linear dimensions for regular solids or via fluid displacement for irregular shapes. The procedure involves:
- Direct Method: Measuring length, width, and height using a calibrated scale and applying geometric formulas (e.g., V = l × w × h).
- Displacement Method: Immersing the object in a graduated cylinder filled with a known volume of liquid and measuring the rise in liquid level.
Distinguish the Standards of temperature and luminous intensity measurements.
Answer
| Feature | Temperature Standard | Luminous Intensity Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Reference | Based on the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90), defined by fixed points like the triple point of water. | Based on the Candela (cd), defined by monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10^12 Hz. |
| Physical Basis | Relies on thermodynamic equilibrium and phase transition points of pure substances. | Relies on the radiant intensity of a blackbody at the freezing point of platinum or modern radiometric methods. |
| Instrumentation | Uses platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) or gas thermometers. | Uses photometers, integrating spheres, and standard lamps. |
Compare about probability of errors and limiting errors.
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Analyze primary and secondary standards measurements.
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Narrate the procedure for calibration of a voltmeter with suitable example.
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Discuss the procedure for ammeter and an oscilloscope testing.
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Explain about DC and AC voltage measurements using Rectifier.
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Describe the performance of errors associated with counter.
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Write short notes on about wave analyzers.
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Explain the operation of frequency synthesizer measurement.
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Discuss various methods of connecting components to a Q-meter for measurement.
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Draw the circuit diagram of Maxwell’s bridge and derive conditions of balance.
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Derive the expression for unknown resistance in Kelvin double bridge.
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List out different sources of errors and explain the precautions and elimination methods in A.C bridges.
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What are various types of spectrum analyzers and explain its performances.
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Explain the operation of Display Devices and Display Systems.
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