JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD Pharm. D I Year HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Previous Question Paper (October - 2019 - R08)

The nucleus is the control center of the eukaryotic cell, typically spherical or oval in shape. It is enclosed by a double-membrane nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores that regulate the transport of molecules between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material in the form of chromatin (DNA and associated proteins), which condenses into chromosomes during cell division. It also contains the nucleolus, a dense region responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the assembly of ribosomal subunits.

Skeletal muscle tissue is a type of striated, voluntary muscle tissue primarily attached to the skeleton by tendons. Its structural unit is the muscle fiber, which is a long, cylindrical, multinucleated cell. The cytoplasm contains organized contractile proteins called myofibrils, composed of repeating units known as sarcomeres. These sarcomeres contain overlapping thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments, creating the characteristic light and dark striations. Skeletal muscle is responsible for locomotion, maintaining posture, and generating body heat through contraction.