JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B. Pharmacy II PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY Previous Question Paper (November/December- 2018 - R17)
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit.
Part A
Describe the branches of microbiology.
Answer
Microbiology is divided into basic branches including Bacteriology (study of bacteria), Mycology (study of fungi), Virology (study of viruses), Phycology (study of algae), and Protozoology (study of protozoa). Applied branches include Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, and Agricultural Microbiology.
Write about raw materials used for culture media.
Answer
Raw materials for culture media provide essential nutrients for microbial growth. Key components include:
- Carbon sources: Glucose, lactose, or starch for energy.
- Nitrogen sources: Peptone, meat extract, or yeast extract for protein synthesis.
- Solidifying agents: Agar-agar (typically 1.5-2%) to provide a solid surface.
- Inorganic salts: Sodium chloride, phosphates, and trace elements for osmotic balance and enzymatic activity.
Write about gram staining.
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Describe sterility indicators.
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Give morphological details of virus.
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Compare bacteriostatic and bactericidal action.
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Give clean area classification.
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Write a note on environmental cleanliness.
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Describe various types of spoilage.
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Define transformed cell cultures.
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Unit I
Write about nutritional requirements of bacteria. Describe quantitative measurement of bacterial growth.
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Describe pure culture and discuss the process of isolation and preservation of pure cultures. Write about dark field microscopy.
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Unit II
Describe various biochemical tests for identification of bacteria. Elucidate chemical and physical methods of sterilization.
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Elucidate various staining techniques for identification of bacteria. Write in detail about equipments used for sterilization.
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Unit III
Describe the techniques for the cultivation of fungi and virus.
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Describe the procedure for sterility testing of solid, liquid and ophthalmic pharmaceutical preparations according to IP, BP and USP.
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Unit IV
Describe the detailed structure of laminar air flow and its principle. Discuss the methods of standardization of antibiotics and amino acids.
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Elucidate the technique of antimicrobial testing of new substance.
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Unit V
Discuss various types of microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products. Describe the technique of evaluation of microbial stability formulations.
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Write general procedures for growth and identification of cell culture. Give an account of applications of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.
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