Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech III COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING SYSTEMS Previous Question Paper (November/December - 2017 - R13)

The basic operational concept involves the interaction between the CPU, Memory, and Input/Output (I/O) units. The CPU fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and executes them by performing arithmetic or logical operations. Data flows between these units via the system bus (Address, Data, and Control buses). The diagram consists of an Input unit connected to the CPU, which is linked to Memory and an Output unit, all interconnected by a common system bus.

Stack organization refers to a memory structure that operates on the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. It uses a pointer called the Stack Pointer (SP) to track the top of the stack. Operations are primarily limited to PUSH (adding an item to the top) and POP (removing the top item). It is commonly used for managing function calls, storing return addresses, and evaluating arithmetic expressions.